Pearl Harbor and the Taylors

Tomorrow, December 7th, is the 70th anniversary of the attack on Pearl Harbor.  Among the 2,402 Americans killed there were six Taylors.  I am not sure which of our Taylor project families they represent, but please let me know if one of these is from your family:

Casualties

Taylor, Aaron Gust, Rank of  M.A.T.T.1c, United States Navy, on (or attached to) the USS Arizona

Taylor, Charles Benton, Rank of  E.M.3c, United States Navy, on (or attached to) the USS Arizona

Taylor, Charles Robert, Rank of PFC, United States Marine Corps, on (or attached to) the USS Oklahoma

Taylor, Harry Theodore, Rank of G.M.2c, United States Navy, on (or attached to) the USS Arizona

Taylor, Palmer Lee, Rank of M.A.T.T.1c, United States Navy, on (or attached to) the USS Shaw

Taylor, Robert Denzil, Rank of Cox, United States Navy, on (or attached to) the USS Arizona

Today Pearl Harbor is a place of beauty, much like it was before the attack.  Here is a photo of today's view.  But on the morning of 07 Dec 1941, things were quite different.  Here is a map of the large natural harbor and the battleships arrayed around it.

Wikipedia summarizes this event:

The attack on Pearl Harbor was a surprise military strike conducted by the Imperial Japanese Navy against the United States naval base at Pearl Harbor, Hawaii, on the morning of December 7, 1941. The attack was intended as a preventive action in order to keep the U.S. Pacific Fleet from interfering with military actions the Empire of Japan was planning in Southeast Asia.

The base was attacked by 353 Japanese fighters, bombers and torpedo planes in two waves, launched from six aircraft carriers. All eight U.S. Navy battleships were damaged, with four being sunk. All but two of the eight were raised, repaired and returned to service later in the war. The Japanese also sank or damaged three cruisers, three destroyers, an anti-aircraft training ship, and one minelayer. One hundred eighty-eight U.S. aircraft were destroyed; 2,402 Americans were killed and 1,282 wounded. The power station, shipyard, maintenance, and fuel and torpedo storage facilities, as well as the submarine piers and headquarters building (also home of the intelligence section) were not attacked.

The attack came as a profound shock to the American people and led directly to the American entry into World War II in both the Pacific and European theaters.  The lack of any formal warning, particularly while negotiations were still apparently ongoing, led President Franklin D. Roosevelt to proclaim December 7, 1941, "a date which will live in infamy."

This resulted in the enlistment of my great uncle, Olin Taylor, who served in the Pacific.  Olin joined the Navy in the spring of 1942 and saw action in the Pacific from July 1942 on until the end of the war.  Olin is still alive and of sound mind; he is also a member of the Taylor surname project.  My grandfather, James Bentley Taylor, was already an Army officer.  He was part of Patton's efforts in North Africa and then went to Europe.  Unfortunately James Bentley Taylor was killed in action in August 1944 and lies buried in Brittany, France.
Many Taylors served in the Second World War, including members of our Taylor project and their direct relatives.  May we remember their heroism and sacrifices on this anniversary. 
Lalia Wilson for the Taylor Surname Project

P. S.  In the interest of providing you with more human connection to Pearl Harbor see this item from the Sacramento Bee.  One of the Pearl Harbor survivors lives in the metro Sacramento California area and this is her story:

According to the Sacramento Bee, Beverly Moglich has a unique perspective.

Moglich, an 82-year-old El Dorado County resident, is a Pearl Harbor survivor. As a 12-year-old, she stood on her porch and watched a Japanese pilot strafe the house from so close that she saw his eyes and can still remember his smirk. "His facial expression indicated he was enjoying every moment of his mission, which was to kill," Moglich wrote in her self-published "Memoirs of a Navy Brat," which came out in 2010.

"For 40 years, I didn't even want to talk about it," she said.

For more information see: http://www.pearlharborevents.com/

For more on Beverly Moglich see: http://www.sacbee.com/2011/12/06/4102273/a-childs-perspective-on-living.html#ixzz1fnhQdEBA

The Simple Way to Understand Genetic Genealogy Tests, Part 2

In part one of this series we discussed mitochondrial DNA and how it mutates (changes) so slowly that there are almost no changes over genealogical time periods, which would be the last 700 years when surnames and vital records have been commonly maintained.

However, the y-chromosome does mutate much more frequently. In fact if you are looking at 67 markers on the y-chromosome, the mutation rate is about 100 times the rate of mutation of the mitochondrial DNA.

If you wish to think of these markers as a hand of cards, about one changes in each four times the cards are dealt. However, an easier way to visualize these changes is to imagine a slot machine with 67 wheels turning, not the three wheels on the machine illustrated. Only about every 4 times you pulled the lever would you get a change in one wheel—corresponding to a marker on the y-chromosome. You would be pretty much guaranteed a change with 9 pulls of the lever.

Not only that, the change would be such that it could easily be seen as the offspring of the original!

For this reason, y-DNA testing is the most widely used genetic test for genealogy purposes. We know that males carry their father’s same y-chromosome, with the occasional one-mutation change.

This property of the y-chromosome allows us to see which men are related to each other within a genealogical time frame and how closely they are likely related along their paternal line. It is of great use to establish lines of descent when records are not available that accurately trace the movements and offspring of our ancestors. However, it requires a sample from a male, and samples (and hopefully genealogies) from other men who turn out to be related.

Lalia Wilson for the Taylor surname project

The Simple Way to Understand Genetic Genealogy Tests, Part 1

As a co-administrator of a y-DNA/surname project, I and my colleagues get many questions about what various genetic tests can do for people. The long answer probably requires an advanced degree in genetics… something most participants don’t have. Here is a simpler explanation which is true in the macro sense, though extended details are not covered.


Basically, there are three different kinds of genetic tests used in genealogy. One test is for markers on the y-chromosome. This test requires a sample from a male, as females do not have a y-chromosome. It looks at markers and allows you to compare them with other samples of known or unknown genealogies in hope that you will find a relative who proves a specific lineage.

The second type of test concerns mitochondrial DNA, the DNA which was in the egg from your mother (that became you!) and consequently the bodies of your cells today. Mitochondrial DNA comes only from your mother. It is only passed down a female line. Your mitochondrial DNA came from your mother and her mother and her mother back in time to the first human woman.


The third test is of autosomal DNA. Autosomal DNA is the DNA other than the sex chromosomes. In reproduction the autosomal DNA is mixed up with the creation of each new child, sometimes coyly referred to as a “transmission event.”

These three types of tests give us different information; and importantly, that information yields different genealogical information for different time periods.

Let us begin with our mothers and mitochondrial DNA. Mitochondrial DNA changes very slowly. One research paper recently reported a rate of one change per 371 “transmission events.” Thus, over 371 generations, there is a 50% chance that one child will have a change in her/his mitochondrial DNA. Population geneticists and genealogists define a generation as somewhere between 20 and 30 years. If we use 25 years here, we are talking about the likelihood of one change per 9,275 years. Now this change is random, so it could have occurred between you and your mother, but the likelihood of that is 1/371.

Here’s the simple way to look at this. Suppose we represent your mother’s mitochondrial DNA (mt-DNA) as a hand of four playing cards: the 2 ♦, the Queen ♥, the 10 ♠, and the Knight of ♣. The odds are that your mt-DNA is exactly the same (the 2 ♦, the Queen ♥, the 10 ♠, and the Knight of ♣); actually 370/371, or 99.73%. And if there is a change, it is minor and closely related. An example of a change would be represented by this configuration: the 2 ♦, the Queen ♥, the 9 ♠, and the Knight of ♣. We expect this same situation to hold true up and down your maternal line. A fifth cousin sharing the same maternal lineage will likely have the exact same mt-DNA with perhaps one minor change. For that reason, mt-DNA is very useful for establishing maternal shared ancestors, but of much less use to understand lineages in what we call genealogical time—the seven hundred years since surnames and some record keeping became more common. (Though royal lineages have been kept for thousands of years.)

Because mt-DNA changes so slowly, and because it is present in much larger quantities in people than other DNA and usually survives for years after death and burial, it is used to understand the genetics of earlier humans. One group of people killed by the Mount Vesuvius volcanic eruption of 24 August 79 AD (which destroyed the two ancient Roman cities of Pompeii and Herculaneum) was analyzed over 1,600 years later. The mt-DNA showed that six of 13 individuals in one house were maternally related, all having the unusual haplogroup T2b. Because of the slow rate of change of mt-DNA, scientists can confidently say that all of our mitochondrial lineages trace back to a common ancestor who lived in Africa 100,000 to 150,000 years ago. Some lineages migrated out of Africa about 60,000 years ago, while others remained.

I will return with further information about the rates of change for y-DNA and the autosomal DNA. The card game becomes much more complicated! Mitochondrial DNA changes so slowly you could think about dealing out the same four cards 371 times in a row. But for y-DNA (at 67 markers) it is just 3-4 hands in a row. And for autosomal DNA you get a new shuffle and a new hand with every transmission event.

Lalia Wilson for the Taylor surname project

Adding in Taylor data from non-Family Tree projects

Family Tree DNA is offering special pricing to include people who have tested their y-DNA with other companies.  This is important to the existing members of the Taylor Project at FTDNA, and to other people who have tested at other companies.  Why?  Because everyone new being added to FTDNA brings more matches.

If you are currently a FTDNA member, tell your friends about this.  You also can expect to pick up new matches as more samples are added to the entire database of y-DNA.

If you are a member of another project at a company other than Family Tree DNA, you can add your sample to the world's largest genealogy DNA database and will then have much more likely matches!

To summarize, in the words of our project leader Ralph Taylor:

§ For $19, Taylors with Ancestry (or other testing company) results can transfer to FTDNA and join Taylor Family Genes. Their results can then be compared and possibly matched.  We could pick up as many as 200 additional members.


§ For another $39 ($58 total), they can add analyses of markers “missing” from the FTDNA 25- or 37-marker panels to make for consistent comparisons.

If you are a person who has tested elsewhere, go directly to the FTDNA website to arrange to be included in the largest database.

If your sample is already at FTDNA, encourage others to take advantage of this opportunity.  It is a way to find more matches for all of us!

I certainly am looking for some missing "links" on some of my family lines.

Lalia

Genetic Testing, what to do after 25 Markers

I was working with a project member this morning who had done 25 markers and was looking for how to make sense of the match.  Here's what I told him, information that will be helpful for everyone:

I see that you have only tested 25 markers. You have 16 exact matches at 12 markers. While you are related to all those matches, they could be relatives prior to the last 700 years, when surnames came into existence. Thus, 12 marker matches do not mean much, unless you already know for sure (through a paper trail) your relationship.

At 25 markers, you have one match at a genetic distance of 1. This, again, does not mean much. Your match, Michael X*, has tested at 67 markers. So, you probably ought to upgrade your testing to 67 markers to see if you are still just one marker off an exact match, or if the match falls apart.

Here are two additional strategies you can try. Through your documented family history, find another male Taylor from your line (as distant a cousin as you can prove is your relative) and have him test. At that point, he will either match you closely (65, 66 or 67 or 67 markers), or not. If you do not match, then the paper trail is not accurate, and one or both of you descend from a line of a different male progenitor than is indicated on your genealogy.

A second strategy is to do the Family Finder test. Here you are matching autosomal DNA, matching across all family lines. While I am excited about this DNA test, and have done it for two of my Taylor and one Robinson relative, the matching is difficult so far because the people I've matched have not responded with their genealogical information. I'm not blaming them, as the protocol for how to work with others in matching autosomal DNA is not developed and many of them may be clueless. So, the science of autosomal matching is definitive, but the cooperating with one another to discover how we are related is in its infancy.

I hope all this is helpful. Please do more y-DNA markers, at least 67. Then consider the Family Finder test.  Together with the Taylor team, we should be able to assist you with your genetic matches.

Lalia
*Complete name not give for reasons of privacy.
Note: the image is a Taylor important in the history of Louisville, Kentucky, whose name I did not get.

Summer Sale at FTDNA

Hi,

I have more coming up about interpreting DNA results, but today I need to let you know about the current sale going on at Family Tree DNA.  Now is the time for you to let others know about genetic genealogy and testing so that they can take advantage of major discounts for the next few days.  See prices below.

Good luck on spreading the word.  The more people tested, the more likely you will find additional matches!

Y-DNA37 for $119 (Regular price would be $149)


Y-DNA67 for $199 (Regular price would be $239)

Family Finder for $199 (Regular price would be $289)

Family Finder + Y-DNA37 for $318 (Regular price would be $438)

Family Finder + mtDNAPlus for $318 (Regular Price would be $438)

mtDNA Full Sequence for $219 (Regular Price would be $299)

SuperDNA for $418 (Regular Price would be $518, includes Y-DNA67

and mtFullSequence)

Comprehensive Genome for $617 (Regular Price would be $797,

includes Y-DNA67, mtFullSequence and Family Finder)



In addition, existing Family Tree DNA customers may order the Family Finder

add-on for $199



The promotion will start today, Friday the 15th at 6PM CST and will

end Thursday, July 21, 11:59PM CST. Kits need to be paid for by the

end of the promotion.



~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~  Lalia

The Case for Using Family Finder in a Surname Project

Members of the Taylor Project have almost all participated by means of y-DNA testing. You submitted a sample, provided a basic pedigree and the name of your earliest know Taylor ancestor and now (ideally) you are matched with a group of Taylors. Your group descends from a single line and the other group members are your cousins.

In an ideal world, you know your exact relationship with each member of your Taylor group. Knowing this relationship, each of you can now claim your combined paper trail of lineage.

Isn’t that why you have participated in DNA testing?

Well, it doesn’t always work out like that. And you, dear reader, may be one of the people who is an exception to the ideal portrayed above. This is where the Family Finder test can be of great benefit. The Family Finder test looks at autosomal DNA, which is inherited from all of your lines of descent, not just the male-to-male lineage of y-DNA or the female-to-female lineage of mitochondrial DNA. It is a way to investigate all your lines.

I’m writing this because there is a price reduction on this test for current FTDNA members. Take advantage of a major price reduction through June 22nd.

What can the Family Finder test contribute? Let’s look at several situations.

First, you are a male Taylor, you have a fairly close match with other Taylor project members, enough to form a group, but you don’t know your exact relationship. If you and others in your group do the Family Finder test (henceforth FF), you can close in on your relationship. For example, if your y-DNA suggests a 50% likelihood of a common ancestor within 6 generations, doing the FF will indicate if your common ancestor is within seven generations (the equivalent of 5th cousins) and suggest the number of generations between you. This should focus on exactly where to look for the paper trail indicating a common ancestor. It also may help identify a relative who has not yet tested who would be “the missing link.”

Second instance, you are a female Taylor. You don’t have any y-DNA, and you don’t know any living male Taylors of your line. Doing the FF test will allow you to match with Taylor males currently unknown to you. You can then use their Taylor group, from their y-DNA results, to work towards your earliest Taylor ancestor.

Third instance, you are a male Taylor. Your y-DNA did not match any Taylor line, but did match another surname project. The evidence is pretty conclusive that one of your male ancestors carried the name Taylor, but was not biologically a Taylor. However, you do not know when that NPE (non-parental event) occurred. Was it in your generation? Five generations? More? With the FF test, you can compare your results with other known Taylor relatives, second cousins, great aunts and uncles. If you match them, the likelihood is that the NPE occurred prior to the births of all those tested, and that a common ancestor of all of yours came subsequent to the NPE. (However this inference cannot extend beyond seven generations due to limitations of the testing, nor can it extend beyond the parameters of your individuals sampled.)

Fourth instance, you are a male with a non-Taylor surname. Your y-DNA matched the Taylor line in multiple close matches. You don’t know when the NPE occurred. You do the FF test. If you match a Taylor group with the FF in addition to y-DNA, this suggests the NPE occurred within the last seven generations. It may be fewer generations depending upon the FF results. At least you can begin to discover your roots.

Finally, what about the unique individual who has tested 67 y-DNA markers and mt-DNA and has no matches? I know one of these people. We hope with the FF test to finally find someone who matches!

I look forward to us all finding out our ancestry.

Lalia

Jefferson Taylor, Police Officer Killed by Lightening at Joplin Tornado Scene

From Police One.com:


SPRINGFIELD, Mo. — Officer Jefferson “Jeff” Taylor of the Riverside (Mo.) Police Department, who was struck by lightning while aiding in relief efforts in the wake of the Joplin tornado, passed away at in Springfield (Mo.) today. Family members were at his side at St. John’s Hospital — where he had undergone successful skin graft surgery and was being treated for other complications related to injuries he suffered in that incident on Monday, May 23 — when he died. Taylor is the first officer in the history of Riverside Police Department to die in the line of duty.

From OfficerDown.com:

Master Patrolman Jeff Taylor succumbed to injuries sustained on May 23, 2011, while assisting with tornado disaster response efforts in Joplin, Missouri.

Patrolman Taylor had just returned to a command post on a department ATV to drop off another first responder when a bolt of lightning struck next to where he was standing. Other public safety officers on the scene immediately began CPR and stabilized him for transport to the hospital.

He was transferred to St. John's Hospital in Springfield, Missouri, where he remained until succumbing to his injuries on June 3, 2011.

~~~~~~~~~~

Let me know if he is a member of your Taylor family. He is one of many who have given their lives in the service of others. May he rest in peace.

Lalia Wilson for the Taylor Surname Project

Collaboration is the Name of the Game

A lot of work goes on behind the scenes of this Taylor DNA project. Among what happens is that the administrators are actively working with project members to facilitate a win-win experience for all. One of the principal parts to making your experience with the project a success is offering as much information as you can about your family lines—excluding personal information on living persons.

 

On your personal page at www.familytreedna.com, you have ways to input data about your father’s line, your mother’s line and all family lines. These can be input as a gedcom or individually.

When you post this information, it allows near-matches to begin to see where their line connects with your line. For best results, all project members should be forthcoming with family pedigrees.

But your job is not over! A next part is to actively collaborate with people who ask you for information. This means responding in a timely manner to project members who inquire about possible connections. It means responding thoughtfully. It means being responsible for your own safety and protection as well—don’t share mother’s maiden names or birthdates or social security numbers for living people!

It may be that you get a lot of e-mail; I do. If you are busy, give a quick response. “I got your message. I may have some information on your question. I cannot get to it until after the 20th. Please contact me again if I don’t get back to you.”

 

I have been in many conversations with project members and other genetic genealogists about how to best work collaboratively. Here are some thoughts from our member Richard A. Taylor:

 

I don't understand why so many folks spend all their money and time testing with FTDNA or some other DNA testing company, joining the Family Finder group and/or signing up for any of the many groups, projects or blogs and then DO NOT SUBMIT FAMILY TREES, GEDCOMS, MULTIPLE SURNAMES OR NOTES ABOUT THEIR FAMILY ORIGINS AND WORST OF ALL - DO NOT REPLY TO A CONTACT E-MAIL MESSAGE OFFERING TO SHARE/COMPARE INFORMATION!!!

 

I've sent out e-mails to three people listed as possible matches, 2 for my line and 1 for a friend’s Taylor line, without any reply or acknowledgement. Reckon this is sort of analogous to "leading a horse to water but you can't make him drink."

 

Why go to all this trouble if you're not going to respond or share any info?

I know that Dick’s a bit annoyed in his tone above, but he is simply repeating some of the frustration that all of us face as we start working through our matches in the Taylor project (and with our other related lines).

 

To the extent we can, we should work to make our own experience and that of our related lines as pleasant as possible. We can do this by submitted your family pedigree, or gedcom.

• Did you post your earliest known ancestor (of your male Taylor line)?
• Have you posted your earliest know female ancestor on your female-to-female line?
• Finally, if you are doing the Family Finder test, have you posted all the known surnames for all your lines in the last seven generations?

By completing these details, which are about people who are usually many years deceased, you improve your chances of determining how you link to anyone whose DNA you match. You also improve the ability of those you match to find their link with you. (This is because the person you match may have more family information than you have, which is a blessing in that it adds important family information you may not have known about.)

 

Lalia

  

Always happy to share Taylor or any other info I possess. My wife (surname Ford/Foard from MD to NC to TN to VA) and I have been researching since about 30 years or more.

 

 Richard (Dick) A. Taylor

 

 

 

 

 

Working Together to Assist All Genealogists

Our Taylor DNA project is just one of the many ways those who love family history can help themselves directly and indirectly by helping preserve genealogical information. 

A perennial problem is the neglect and abandonment of buildings and graveyards.  To highlight just the graveyards, today's Knoxville News-Sentinel calls on those of a mind to help, to join the efforts to protect graveyards in East Tennessee.  (This is certainly a problem in almost every locale, I'm just highlighting the local problem in my backyard.)  I'm placing a photo here from the article, showing a graveyard in a neighboring county.  I urge you to do what you can to advocate for preserving information about all the departed, and for either restoring these cemeteries, or relocating them to places of dignity.

Thanks!

Lalia Wilson for the Taylor DNA Project

Using Genetic Matches to Understand Your Roots

Finding out the story of our ancestors, who they were and something of their personal history, involves a combination of genealogy research techniques, serendipity, and the science of genetics. Serendipity, the accidental discovery of something fortunate, is unplanned and cannot be anticipated. While it is always nice to have, serendipity cannot be your entire family history strategy.

This leaves us with family stories, census data and other sources of records for our ancestors. Sometimes these contradict one another. Should that happen, there are ways to evaluate and settle on the most likely answer. However, the final way to compare family history to current reality is DNA. Should DNA results contradict the family history, no matter how well researched, the DNA (as measured in a member of the family line being studied) is incontrovertible!

This is best understood by examples. I am going to use a fictitious Taylor ancestor and demonstrate what various DNA results will tell us. Let us begin with an imaginary ancestor, John Q. Taylor, born in 1824 in Belmont, Ohio, USA. As were all years, 1824 has its distinctions, on November 5th – Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute (the first technological university in the English-speaking world) was founded in Troy, New York, the Florida State capital moved to Tallahassee, where it remains, and Beethoven’s 9th Symphony premiered on May 7th. This ancestor (for our example we will assume he is our earliest known ancestor) grew up, married and produced four sons: Abe Taylor, Bryon Taylor, Charlie Taylor and Daniel Taylor. All four sons were born in Ohio in the period 1845-1860 and you have records of them and their marriages. Each produced at least one son who was named after him, Abe Taylor II, Byron Taylor II and so forth.

Skip ahead to the current day. You are Daniel Taylor IV born in 1950 in Louisville, Kentucky. (Or his close female kin.) You have records and a pedigree showing your descent from your great-great-grandfather, John Q. Taylor. You submit a sample and join the Taylor project.

Luckily, it turns out that there are existing samples in the Taylor project for three others of your third cousins, direct descendants of Abe Taylor, Byron Taylor and Charlie Taylor. Let us look at what the results might mean.

In our first case, let us assume each of these Taylor cousins does a 12 marker y-DNA test. In our example, all four match. Does this prove the family history? No! (Nor does it disprove the family history.) All a 12-marker match tells us is that these four men share a common ancestor sometime before 1200 AD, which predates the use of surnames. It does not tell us that they are third cousins, or that they are not.

What if you each tested 25 markers and had a perfect match? A perfect 25/25: The chances are 90% that your most recent common ancestor is within the past 28 generations, roughly since 1300 AD.

What if you tested 37 markers and had a perfect match? A perfect 37/37: The chances are 90% that your family lines are connected within 19 generations, most likely since 1530 AD.

If you find a perfect 67/67: The 90% probability level is a common ancestor no earlier than 1735 AD, with a 50% probability that your common ancestor is your great-great-grandfather.

These, however, are the easy cases.

What if, of the four descendants of John Q. Taylor in the Taylor project, yourself and three different third cousins, representing three different lines, three of you match 67-67 and one matches 65/67? While it is unlikely that there would be two random mutations in the same line over so few transmission events , it is within possibility that the four lines are connected as the paper trail indicates.

But let’s make this more complex. Three lines connect at 67/67, and the fourth line, which has an equally compelling paper trail, connects at 62/67. From mathematics, we know that the fourth line, with only a 62/67 connection, is not a recent cousin of the other three lines. Their genetic connection is before surnames came into common use in the English speaking world.

What can we conclude about these four lines? Most likely, three of the lines are the direct descendants of John Q. Taylor, and the fourth line is of similar ancestral stock, but not a direct descendant of John Q. However, there is also a possibility that the one individual is the sole true descendant, and the other three lines represent similar ancestral stock. And there is always a remote possibility that none of the samples is a direct descendant.

How do you proceed to understand more about these lines? There are several ways to proceed. One is to compare the 67 marker matches to all surnames at the Family Tree DNA project. If that line ends up having 15 perfect matches to individuals with the surname Miller, then there is a likelihood that somewhere between 1824 and 1950 either an adoption or a “non-paternal event” occurred that introduced the Miller genes into the Taylor family.

In addition to following the genetic science, you also want to further explore the family history. Was there a time that rumors spread about an affair? When husband and wife were separated? Follow that thread to find out more…

Lalia Wilson for the Taylor DNA Project